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1964




Events

   * Jerome Horowitz synthesizes zidovudine, an antiviral drug used in
     treating HIV

   * January 1 - Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved.
   * January 3 - Senator Barry Goldwater announces that he will seek the
     Republican nomination for President.
   * January 7 - A British firm, the Leyland Motor Corp., announces the sale
     of 450 busses to the Cuban government, challenging the United States
     blockade of Cuba.
   * January 8 - In his first State-of-the-Union address, President Lyndon
     Johnson declares a "War on Poverty" in the United States.
   * January 9 - Armed clashes between United States troops and Panamanian
     mobs in the Canal Zone precipitate a major international crisis and
     result in the deaths of 21 Panamanians and 4 U.S. soldiers.
   * January 11 - United States Surgeon General Luther Terry reports that
     smoking may be hazardous for one's health. First such statement from US
     government.
   * January 12 - The predominantly Arab government of Zanzibar is
     overthrown by African nationalist rebels. A U.S. destroyer evacuates 61
     Americans.
   * January 16 - Hello Dolly! opens in New York City's St. James Theatre.
   * January 16 - John Glenn, the first American to orbit the earth, resigns
     from the space program and announces the next day that he will seek the
     Democratic nomination for U.S. Senator from Ohio.
   * January 20 - Meet the Beatles, the first Beatles album in the United
     States, is released
   * January 23 - Thirteen years after its proposal and nearly two years
     after the measure had been passed by the United States Senate 77-16,
     the 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting the
     use of poll taxes in national elections, is ratified.
   * January 27 - France and the People's Republic of China announce their
     decision to establish diplomatic relations.
   * January 27 - Senator Margaret Chase Smith (R-Me.), 66, announces her
     candidacy for the Repubican nomination for President.
   * January 28 - A U.S. Air Force jet training plane that strayed into East
     Germany is shot down by Soviet fighters near Erfurt. All three crew men
     are killed.
   * January 29 - The Soviet Union launches two scientific satellites,
     Elektron I and II, from a single rocket.
   * January 30 - The junta ruling South Vietnam since the overthrow of
     President Ngo Dinh Diem is itself toppled from power in a bloodless
     coup led by Maj. Gen. Nguyen Khanh.
   * January 30 - Ranger 6 is launched by NASA. Its mission is it to carry
     television cameras and to crash-land on the moon.
   * February 3 - In protests against alleged de facto school segregation,
     black and Puerto Rican groups in New York City boycott public school.
   * February 6 - Cuba cuts off the normal water supply to the United States
     naval base at Guantanamo Bay in reprisal for U.S. seizure 4 days
     earlier of 4 Cuban fishing boats off the coast of Florida.
   * February 7 - A jury trying Bryon De La Beckwith for the murder of
     Medgar Evers in June 1963 reports in Jackson, Mississippi that it was
     unable to agree on a verdict, resulting in a mistrial.
   * February 11 - Greeks & Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.
   * February 11 - The Republic of China (Taiwan) drops diplomatic relations
     with France because of French recognition of the People's Republic of
     China.
   * February 17 - In Wesberry v. Sanders 376 US 1 1964, the Supreme Court
     of the United States rules that congressional districts have to be
     approximately equal in population.
   * February 26 - John Glenn slips on a bathroom rug in his Columbus, Ohio
     apartment and hits his head on the bathtub, injuring his left inner
     ear, and prompting him (later that week) to withdraw from the race for
     the Senate nomination.
   * February 27 - The government of Italy asks for help to keep the Leaning
     Tower of Pisa from toppling over.
   * February 29 - President Johnson announces that the United States had
     developed a jet airplane (the A-11), capable of sustained flight at
     more than 2,000 MPH and of altitutes of more than 70,000 feet.
   * March 4 - Jimmy Hoffa, President of the Teamsters, is convicted by a
     Federal jury of tampering with a Federal jury in 1962.
   * March 6 - Constantine II becomes King of Greece
   * March 8 - Malcolm X, suspended from the Nation of Islam, says in New
     York City that he was forming a black nationalist party.
   * March 9 - In New York Times Co. v Sullivan 376 US 254 1964, the Supreme
     Court of the United States rules that under the First Amendment, speech
     criticizing political figures cannot be censored.
   * March 9 - The first Ford Mustang rolls off the assembly line at Ford
     Motor Company.
   * March 10 - Soviet Union military forces shoot down an unarmed
     reconnaissance bomber that had strayed into East Germany; the three
     U.S. flyers parachute to safety.
   * March 10 - The New Hampshire primary is won by Henry Cabot Lodge,
     Ambassador to South Vietnam.
   * March 14 - A jury in Dallas, Texas finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing
     John F. Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
   * March 20 - The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European
     Space Research Organization) is established per an agreement signed on
     June 14, 1962.
   * March 26 - Defense Secretary Robert McNamara delivers an address that
     reiterated the United States determination to give South Vietnam
     increased military and economic aid in its war against Communist
     insurgency.
   * March 27 - The Good Friday Earthquake, the most powerful earthquake in
     U.S. history at a magnitude of 9.2 strikes South Central Alaska killing
     125 people and inflicting massive damage to the city of Anchorage
   * March 28 - The first pirate radio station, Radio Caroline, is
     established.
   * April 2 - Mrs. Malcolm Peabody, 72, mother of Governor Endicott Peabody
     of Massachusetts, is released on $450 bond after spending two days in
     jail in St. Augustine, Florida, because of her participation in an
     anti-segregation demonstration there.
   * April 5 - Jigme Dorfi, Premier of the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan is
     shot dead by an unidentified assassin in Puncholing, near the Indian
     border.
   * April 7 - IBM announces the System/360.
   * April 8 - Four of five railroad operating unions strike against the
     Illinois Central Railroad without warning to bring to a head the
     five-year dispute over railroad work rules.
   * April 9 - The United Nations Security Council adopts by a 9-0 vote a
     resolution deploring a British air attack on a fort in Yemen 12 days
     earlier in which 25 persons were reported killed.
   * April 11 - The Brazilian Congress elects General Humberto Castelo
     Branco as President of Brazil.
   * April 19 - The coalition government of Laos, headed by Prince Souvanna
     Phouma, is deposed by a right-wing military group led by Brig. Gen.
     Kouprasith Abhay.
   * April 20 - President Lyndon Johnson in New York and Soviet Premier
     Nikita Khrushchev in Moscow announce simultaneously plans to cut back
     production of materials for making nuclear weapons.
   * April 26 - Tanganyika and Zanzibar merge to form Tanzania.
   * May 2 - Senator Barry Goldwater receives more than 75% of the votes in
     the Texas Republican Presidential primary.
   * May 7 - A Pacific Airlie F-27 crashes near Dublin, California, killing
     all 44 aboard; the FBI later reports that a recorded tape indicated
     that the pilot had been shot.
   * May 9 - South Korean President Chung Hee Park reshuffles his Cabinet
     after a series of student demostrations against his efforts to restore
     diplomatic and trade relations with Japan.
   * May 19 - The United States State Department says that more than 40
     hidden microphones have been found embedded in the walls of the U.S.
     Embassy in Moscow.
   * May 23 - Mrs. Madeline Dassault, 63, wife of a French plane
     manufacturer and politician, is kidnapped while leaving her car in
     front of her Paris home; she is found unharmed the next day in a
     farmhouse 27 miles from Paris.
   * June 2 - Senator Barry Goldwater wins the California Republican
     Presidential primary, making him the overwhelming favorite for the
     nomination.
   * June 2 - Five million shares of stock in the Communications Satellite
     Corp. (Comsat) are offered for sale at $20 a share, and the issue is
     quickly sold out.
   * June 3 - South Korean President Chung Hee Park declares martial law in
     Seoul after 10,000 student demonstrators overpower police.
   * June 9 - In Federal Court in Kansas City, Kansas, army deserter George
     John Gessner, 28, is convicted of passing United States secrets to the
     Soviet Union.
   * June 12 Pennsylvania Governor William Scranton announces his candidacy
     for the Republican Presidential nomination, as part of a
     'stop-Goldwater' movement.
   * June 19 - Senator Edward Kennedy, 32, is seriously injured in a private
     plane crash at Southampton, Massachusetts; the pilot is killed.
   * June 21 - Three civil rights workers, Michael Schwerner, Andrew
     Goodman, and James Chaney, are murdered near Philadelphia, Mississippi,
     by local segregationist law enforcement officials.
   * July 6 - Malawi declares its independence from the United Kingdom.
   * July 8 - U.S. military personnel announces that U.S. casualties in
     Vietnam have risen to 1,387, including 399 dead and 17 MIA.
   * July 19 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime
     Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
   * July 20 - Vietnam War - Viet Cong forces attack the capital of Dinh
     Tuong Province, Cai Be, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personell
     and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).
   * July 27 - Vietnam War: 5,000 more American military advisers are sent
     to South Vietnam bringing the total number of United States forces in
     Vietnam to 21,000.
   * July 31 - Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up
     photographs of the moon (images are 1,000 times clearer than anything
     ever seen from earth-bound telescopes).
   * August 4 - American civil rights movement: Civil rights workers Michael
     Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and James Chaney found dead in Mississippi
     after disappearing on June 21.
   * August 4 - Vietnam War: United States destroyers USS Maddox and USS C.
     Turner Joy are attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin. Air support from the
     carrier USS Ticonderoga sinks two, possibly three North Vietnamese
     gunboats.
   * August 5 - Vietnam War: Operation Pierce Arrow - American aircraft from
     carriers USS Ticonderoga and USS Constellation bomb North Vietnam in
     retaliation for strikes against US destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.
   * August 7 - Vietnam War: The United States Congress passes the Gulf of
     Tonkin Resolution giving US President Lyndon B. Johnson broad war
     powers to deal with North Vietnamese attacks on American forces.
   * August 16 - Vietnam War: In a coup, General Nguyen Khanh replaces Duong
     Van Minh as South Vietnam's chief of state and establishes a new
     constitution, which the US Embassy helped draft.
   * Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.
   * September 14 - Opening of third period of Second Vatican Council.
   * October 5 - Twenty-three men and 31 women escape to West Berlin through
     a narrow tunnel under the Berlin Wall.
   * October 5 - Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip begin an 8-day visit
     to Canada.
   * October 14-15 - Nikita Khrushchev is deposed as leader of the Soviet
     Union; Leonid Brezhnev assumes power.
   * October 15 - Great Britain's Labour Party wins the nationwide
     parliamentary elections, ending 13 years of Conservative Party rule.
   * October 16 - Communist China explodes an atomic bomb in Sinkiang.
   * October 24 - Northern Rhodesia, a former British protectorate, becomes
     the independent Republic of Zambia, ending 73 years of British rule.
   * October 29 - A collection of irreplaceable gems, including the
     565-carat Star of India, is stolen from the American Museum of Natural
     History in New York City.
   * October 31 - Campaigning at Madison Square Garden, New York, President
     Lyndon Johnson pledges the creation of the Great Society.
   * November 1 - Mortar fire from North Vietnamese forces rains on the USAF
     base at Bein Hoa, South Vietnam, killing 4 Americans and wounding 72,
     and destroying five B-57 jet bombers and other planes.
   * November 3 - Lyndon Johnson defeats Barry Goldwater in the U.S.
     presidential election
   * November 3 - The Bolivian government of President Victor Paz Estenssoro
     is overthrown by a military rebellion led by General Alfredo Obando
     Candia, commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
   * November 5 - Mariner 3, a U.S. space probe, intended for Mars is
     launched from Cape Kennedy, but its apparatus failed.
   * November 19 - The U.S. Defense Department announced the closing of 95
     militiary bases and facilities, including the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the
     Brooklyn Army Terminal, and Fort Jay, New York.
   * November 21 - Closing of third period of Second Vatican Council
   * November 28 - Mariner 4, a U.S. space probe intended to take television
     pictures of Mars in July 1965, was launched from Cape Kennedy.
   * December 14 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules, in Heart of
     Atlanta Motel v. United States 379 US 241 1964, that, in accordance
     with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, establishments providing public
     accommodations must refrain from racial discrimination.

Art, Culture & Fashion

   * 1964 in film
        o My Fair Lady
        o Mary Poppins
        o Dr. Strangelove
        o A Hard Day's Night, starring The Beatles
        o A Fistful of Dollars, starring Clint Eastwood and directed by
          Sergio Leone
   * 1964 in music
        o January 18 - The Beatles appear on the Billboard magazine charts
          for the first time
        o February 7 - The Beatles arrived on their first visit to the
          United States
        o February 9 - The Beatles make their first appearance on the Ed
          Sullivan Show
        o February 11 - The Beatles have their 1st live appearance in US in
          the Washington DC Coliseum
        o October 19 - Simon and Garfunkel release their first album,
          Wednesday Morning, 3 A. M., on Columbia Records.
   * 1964 in television
        o April 30 - Television sets manufactured as of this date are
          required to receive UHF channels.
        o The Beatles appear on the Ed Sullivan show, breaking television
          ratings records

Births

   * January 6 - Henry Maske, German boxer
   * January 7 - Nicolas Cage, actor
   * January 12 - Jeff Bezos, president of amazon.com
   * January 13 - Penelope Ann Miller, actress
   * February 4 - Noodles, guitarist of The Offspring
   * February 5 - Laura Linney, actress
   * February 5 - Duff McKagen, Guns N'Roses
   * February 15 - Chris Farley, actor, comedian (+ 1997)
   * February 18 - Matt Dillon, actor
   * March 7 - Bret Easton Ellis, ass=er
   * March 9 - Juliette Binoche, actress
   * March 10 - Edward, Earl of Wessex
   * March 17 - Rob Lowe, actor
   * March 18 - Irene Cara, actress, singer
   * March 18 - Bonnie Blair, Olympic gold medalist in speed skating
   * March 20 - Natacha Atlas, Belgian singer
   * March 20 - Tracy Chapman, musician
   * March 29 - Elle Macpherson, model
   * March 30 - Tracy Chapman, singer
   * April 7 - Russell Crowe, actor
   * May 8 - Melissa Gilbert, actress, president of the Screen Actors Guild
   * May 12 - Brett Gurewitz, guitarist for Bad Religion
   * May 26 - Lenny Kravitz, guitaris, singer
   * May 28 - Jeff Fenech, Australian boxer
   * May 30 - Wynonna Judd, singer
   * July 3 - Joanne Harris, author
   * July 16 - Miguel Indurain, Spanish cyclist
   * July 24 - Barry Bonds, baseball player
   * August 25 - Maxim Kontsevich, Russian mathematician
   * September 2 - Keanu Reeves, actor
   * September 29 - Les Claypool, bassist of Primus
   * November 11 - Calista Flockhart (actress: Ally McBeal)

Deaths

   * January 15 - Jack Teagarden, musician
   * January 17 - T.H. White, author
   * January 29 - Alan Ladd, actor
   * February 25 - Grace Metalious, writer
   * February 27 - Orry-Kelly, costume designer
   * March 23 - Peter Lorre, actor
   * April 5 - Douglas MacArthur,General of the U.S. Army
   * May 27 - Jawaharlal Nehru, Indian politician (*1889)
   * June 25 - Gerrit Rietveld, Dutch architect
   * July 1 - Pierre Monteux, conductor
   * August 28 - Gracie Allen, actress, comedienne
   * September 3 - Stewart Holbrook, American author
   * September 28 - Harpo Marx, comedian, the Marx Brothers
   * October 15 - Cole Porter, American composer
   * October 20 - Herbert Hoover, American President
   * December 1 - J. B. S. Haldane, British geneticist

Technology

   * John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz create BASIC (Beginners'
     All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), an easy to learn high level
     programming language that has been included on many computers and even
     some games consoles
   * First Moog synthesizer designed by Robert Moog

Nobel Prizes

   * Physics - Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov, Aleksandr
     Mikhailovich Prokhorov
   * Chemistry - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
   * Medicine - Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen
   * Literature - Jean-Paul Sartre
   * Peace - Martin Luther King Jr

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