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Phylogeny

A phylogeny (or phylogenesis) is the origin and evolution of a set of
organisms, usually species. A major task of systematics is to determine the
ancestral relationships among known species (both living and extinct), and
the most commonly used methods to infer phylogenies include cladistics and
phenetics.

During the late 19th century, the theory of recapitulation, or Haeckel's
biogenetic law, was widely accepted. This theory was often expressed as
"ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny", i.e. that the development of an organism
exactly mirrors the evolutionary development of the species. The early
version of this hypothesis has since been rejected as being oversimplified
and misleading. However, modern biology recognizes numerous connections
between ontogeny and phylogeny, explains them using evolutionary theory, and
views them as supporting evidence for that theory. See the article on
ontogeny and phylogeny.

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